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HMAS ''Perth'' (FFH 157) is an ''Anzac'' class frigate of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). The last of the class to be completed, she was built by Tenix Defence Systems and commissioned into the RAN in 2006. In 2007, ''Perth'' became the first major warship of the RAN to be commanded by a woman. During 2010 and 2011, the frigate was used as the testbed for a major upgrade to the ''Anzac'' class' ability to defend themselves from anti-ship missiles. ==Design and construction== (詳細はRiver class destroyer escorts with a mid-capability patrol frigate.〔Jones, in Stevens, ''The Royal Australian Navy'', p. 244〕〔Fairall-Lee, Miller, & Murphy, in Forbes, ''Sea Power'', p. 336〕〔 Australian shipbuilding was thought to be incapable of warship design, so the RAN decided to take a proven foreign design and modify it.〔〔 Around the same time, the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN) was looking to replace four ''Leander'' class frigates; a deterioration in New Zealand-United States relations, the need to improve alliances with nearby nations, and the commonalities between the RAN and RNZN ships' requirements led the two nations to begin collaborating on the acquisition in 1987.〔Greener, ''Timing is everything'', pp. 23–9〕〔Jones, in Stevens, ''The Royal Australian Navy'', p. 245〕 Tenders were requested by the Anzac Ship Project at the end of 1986, with 12 ship designs (including an airship) submitted.〔〔Greener, ''Timing is everything'', p. 30〕 By August 1987, the tenders were narrowed down in October to Blohm + Voss's MEKO 200 design, the M class (later ''Karel Doorman'' class) offered by Royal Schelde, and a scaled-down Type 23 frigate proposed by Yarrow Shipbuilders.〔〔Greener, ''Timing is everything'', p. 31〕 In 1989, the Australian government announced that Melbourne-based shipbuilder AMECON (which became Tenix Defence) would build the modified MEKO 200 design.〔Grazebrook, ''Anzac frigates sail diverging courses''〕〔〔 The Australians ordered eight ships, while New Zealand ordered two, with an unexercised option for two more.〔Wertheim (ed.), ''The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World'', p. 20〕〔Greener, ''Timing is everything'', pp. 43–4〕 The ''Anzac''s are based on Blohm + Voss' MEKO 200 PN (or ''Vasco da Gama'' class) frigates, modified to meet Australian and New Zealand specifications and maximise the use of locally built equipment.〔〔Wertheim, ''The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World'', pp. 20–1〕 Each frigate has a full load displacement.〔Sharpe (ed.), ''Jane's Fighting Ships 1998–99'', pgs. 25, 470〕 The ships are long at the waterline, and long overall, with a beam of , and a full load draught of .〔 A Combined Diesel or Gas (CODOG) propulsion machinery layout is used, with a single, General Electric LM2500-30 gas turbine and two MTU 12V1163 TB83 diesel engines driving the ship's two controllable-pitch propellers.〔〔 Maximum speed is , and maximum range is over at ; about 50% greater than other MEKO 200 designs.〔〔〔Wertheim, ''The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World'', pp. 21〕 As designed, the main armament for the frigate is a 5-inch 54 calibre Mark 45 gun, supplemented by an eight-cell Mark 41 vertical launch system (for RIM-7 Sea Sparrow or RIM-162 Evolved Sea Sparrow missiles), two machine guns, and two Mark 32 triple torpedo tube sets (initially firing Mark 46 torpedoes, but later upgraded to use the MU90 Impact torpedo).〔〔〔Fish & Grevatt, ''Australia's HMAS Toowoomba test fires MU90 torpedo''〕 They were also designed for but not with a close-in weapons system (two Mini Typhoons fitted when required from 2005 onwards), two quad-canister Harpoon anti-ship missile launchers (which were installed across the RAN vessels from 2005 onwards), and a second Mark 41 launcher (which has not been added).〔〔Scott, ''Updating ANZACs to meet changed strategic posture''〕〔Scott, ''Enhanced small-calibre systems offer shipborne stopping power''〕 The Australian ''Anzac''s use a Sikorsky S-70B-2 Seahawk helicopter; plans to replace them with Kaman SH-2G Super Seasprites were cancelled in 2008 due to ongoing problems.〔〔Grevatt, ''Australia cancels troubled Super Seasprite programme''〕〔Forbes, ''How a helicopter deal flew into trouble''〕 ''Perth'' was laid down at Williamstown, Victoria, on 24 July 2003.〔 The ship was assembled from six hull modules and six superstructure modules; the superstructure modules were fabricated in Whangarei, New Zealand, and hull modules were built at both Williamstown and Newcastle, New South Wales, with final integration at Williamstown.〔 She was launched on 20 March 2004, and commissioned into the RAN on 26 August 2006〔 in Fremantle, Western Australia (the closest port to the ship's namesake city). ''Perth'' was the final ''Anzac'' class ship to be constructed.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMAS Perth (FFH 157)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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